PROTEASE KELOR (Moringa Oleifera) SEBAGAI KOAGULAN SUSU DALAM PEMBUATAN KEJU
Keywords:
protease kelor, koagulan, susu, keju
Abstract
Protease kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai koagulan susu dalam pembuatan keju dalam bentuk ekstrak kasar atau murni. Koagulan dari kelor digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti rennet anak sapi karena ketersediaanya terbatas, harganya mahal atau masalah status halal bagi konsumen muslim. Koagulan dari kelor ditemukan di daun dan biji kelor menggunakan berbagai metode ekstraksi untuk menghasilkan koagulan susu sebagai peptidase sitein. Prosease kelor memiliki aktifitas koagulasi, proteolitik dan caseinolytic yang berbeda dengan rennet sapi. Aktifitas proteolitik yang berlebih dari kebanyakan protease tanaman menjadi faktor pembatas kebanyakan koagulan tanaman dalam aplikasi pembuatan keju terkait rendahnya rendemen, flavor pahit dan tekstur yang kurang bagus. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) potensial dikembangkan sebagai koagulan susu dalam pembuatan keju dalam rangka untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar global untuk menghasilkan keju berkualitas.
References
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Sanjuán E, R. Millán, P. Saavedra, MA Carmona, R. Gόmez, and J. Fernández-Salguero J. 2002. Influence of animal and vegetable rennet on the physiochemical characteristics of Los Pedroches cheese during ripening. Food Chem 78:281–289
Schaller A. 2004. A cut above the rest: the regulatory function of plant proteases. Planta 220:183–197
Terefe, M.A., A. Kebede, and M. Kebede. 2017. Clotting Activities of Partially Purified Extracts of Moringa oleifera L. on Dromedary Camel Milk. East African Journal of Sciences. 11 (2): 117-128
Uchikoba T, and M. Kaneda. 1996. Milk-clotting activity of cucumisin, a plant serine protease from melon fruit. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 56:325–330
Sousa, M. J., and F. X. Malcata. 1998. Proteolysis of ovine and caprine caseins in solution by enzymatic extracts from flower of Cynara cardunculus. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 22:305–314.
Tajalsir, A.E., A.S. Ebraheem, A.M. Abdallah, F.J. Khider, M.O. Elsamani, and A.M. Ahmed, 2014. Partial purification of milk-clotting enzyme from the seeds of Moringa oleifera. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 4, 58–62.
Tamer MI. 1993. Identification and partial purification of a novel milk-clotting enzyme from Onopordum turcicum. Biotechnol Lett 13:427–432
Vairo-Cavalli S, S. Claver, N. Priolo and C. Natalucci. 2005. Extraction and partial characterization of a coagulant preparation from Silybum marianum flowers. Its action on bovine caseinate. J Dairy Res 72:271–275
Wang, X., Q. Zhao, L. He, Y. Shi, J. Fan, Y. Chen, and A. Huang. 2022. Milk-clotting properties on bovine caseins of a novel cysteine peptidase from germinated Moringa oleifera seeds. J. Dairy Sci. 105:3770–3781.
Yegin, S., M. Fernandez-Lahore, A. J. Gama-Salgado, U. Guvenc, Y. Goksungur, and C. Tari. 2011. Aspartic proteinases from Mucor spp. in cheese manufacturing. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 89:949–960.
An, Z., X. L. He, W. D. Gao, W. Zhao, and W. B. Zhang. 2014. Characteristics of miniature cheddar-type cheese made by microbial rennet from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: A comparison with commercial calf rennet. J. Food Sci. 79: M214–M221.
Asakura, T., H. Watanabe, K. Abe, and S. Arai. 1997. Oryzasin as an aspartic proteinase occurring in rice seeds: purification, characterization and application to milk clotting. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 45: 1070–1075.
Bah S, B.S. Paulsen, D. Dialloand H.T. Johansen. 2006. Characterization of cysteine proteases in Malian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 107:189–198
Bruno MA, SA. Trejo, XF. Aviles, NO. Caffini and LMI. Lopez LMI. 2006. Isolation and characterization of hyeronymain II, another peptidase isolated from fruits of Bromelia hieronymi Mez (Bromeliaceae). Protein J. 25:224–231
Derso A.G. and G. G. Dagnew. 2019. Isolate and Extract for Milk Clotting Enzymes from the leaves of Moringa Oleifera, Carica Papaya and Mangifera Indica and Use in Cheese Making: The Case of Western Hararage Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 7(3): 244-254
Domingos A, PC. Cardos, ZT Xue, A. Clemente, PE. Brodelius, and MS Pand ais. 2000. Purification, cloning and autoproteolytic processing of an aspartic proteinase from Centaurea calcitrapa. Eur J Biochem. 267:6824–6831
Fernandez-Salguero, J. 2009. Proteolysis during the ripening of goats’milk cheese made with plant coagulant or calf rennet. Food Res. Int. 42:324–330.
Galan, E., F. Prados, A. Pino, L. Tejada, and J. Fernandez-Salguero. 2008. Influence of different amounts of vegetable coagulant from cardoon Cynara cardunculus and calf rennet on the proteolysis and sensory characteristics of cheeses made with sheep milk. Int. Dairy J. 18:93–98.
Hashim, M.M., M. Dong, M.F. Iqbal and X. Chen. 2011. Ginger rhizome as a potential source of milk coagulating cysteine protease. Phytochemistry. 72: 458–464.
Jacob, M., D. Jaros, and H. Rohm. 2011. Recent advances in milk clotting enzymes. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 64:14–33.
Kethireddipalli, P., and A. R. Hill. 2015. Rennet coagulation and cheesemaking properties of thermally processed milk: Overview and recent developments. J. Agric. Food Chem. 63:9389–9403.
Li, Q., and Z. Zhao. 2019. Acid and rennet-induced coagulation behavior of casein micelles with modified structure. Food Chem.291:231–238.
Llorente BE, CB. Brutti, CL. Natalucci, and NO. Caffini. 1997. Partial characterization of a milk clotting proteinase isolated from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae). Acta Farm Bonaer 16:37–42
Lo Piero AR, I. Puglisi and G. Petrone. 2002. Characterization of “lettucine”, a serine-like protease from Lactuca sativa leaves, as a novel enzyme for milk clotting. J Agric Food Chem 50:2439–2443
Macedo, I. Q., C.J. Faro, and E.M. Pires, 1996. Caseinolytic specificity of cardosin, an aspartic protease from cardoon Cynara cardunculus L.: action on bovine Rs- and â-casein and comparison with chymosin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44: 42–47
Mazorra-Manzano, M.A., T.C. Perea-Guti_errez, M.E. Lugo-S_anchez, J.C. Ramirez-Suarez, M.J. Torres-Llanez, A.F. Gonz_alez-C_ordova and B. Vallejo-Cordoba. 2013. Comparison of the milk-clotting properties of three plant extracts. Food Chem. 141: 1902–1907.
McMahon, D. J., and B. S. Oommen. 2008. Supramolecular structure of the casein micelle. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1709–1721.
Narwal, R. K., B. Bhushan, A. Pal, A. Panwar, and S. Malhotra. 2016. Purification, physico-chemico-kinetic characterization and thermal inactivation thermodynamics of milk clotting enzyme from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 10422. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 65:652–660.
Pontual, E. V., B.E. Carvalho, R.S. Bezerra, L.C. Coelho, T.H. Napoleão, and P.M. 2012. Caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Food Chemistry, 135(3): 1848-1854.
Rao, M. B., A.M. Tanksale, M.S. Ghatge, and V.V. Deshpande. 1998. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 597–635.
Rawlings ND, and AJ. Barrett 2004. Families of serine peptidases. Methods Enzymol 244:19–61
Salehi, M., M. R. Aghamaali, R. H. Sajedi, S. M. Asghari, and E. Jorjani. 2017. Purification and characterization of a milk-clotting aspartic protease from Withania coagulans fruit. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 98:847–854.
Sanjuán E, R. Millán, P. Saavedra, MA Carmona, R. Gόmez, and J. Fernández-Salguero J. 2002. Influence of animal and vegetable rennet on the physiochemical characteristics of Los Pedroches cheese during ripening. Food Chem 78:281–289
Schaller A. 2004. A cut above the rest: the regulatory function of plant proteases. Planta 220:183–197
Terefe, M.A., A. Kebede, and M. Kebede. 2017. Clotting Activities of Partially Purified Extracts of Moringa oleifera L. on Dromedary Camel Milk. East African Journal of Sciences. 11 (2): 117-128
Uchikoba T, and M. Kaneda. 1996. Milk-clotting activity of cucumisin, a plant serine protease from melon fruit. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 56:325–330
Sousa, M. J., and F. X. Malcata. 1998. Proteolysis of ovine and caprine caseins in solution by enzymatic extracts from flower of Cynara cardunculus. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 22:305–314.
Tajalsir, A.E., A.S. Ebraheem, A.M. Abdallah, F.J. Khider, M.O. Elsamani, and A.M. Ahmed, 2014. Partial purification of milk-clotting enzyme from the seeds of Moringa oleifera. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 4, 58–62.
Tamer MI. 1993. Identification and partial purification of a novel milk-clotting enzyme from Onopordum turcicum. Biotechnol Lett 13:427–432
Vairo-Cavalli S, S. Claver, N. Priolo and C. Natalucci. 2005. Extraction and partial characterization of a coagulant preparation from Silybum marianum flowers. Its action on bovine caseinate. J Dairy Res 72:271–275
Wang, X., Q. Zhao, L. He, Y. Shi, J. Fan, Y. Chen, and A. Huang. 2022. Milk-clotting properties on bovine caseins of a novel cysteine peptidase from germinated Moringa oleifera seeds. J. Dairy Sci. 105:3770–3781.
Yegin, S., M. Fernandez-Lahore, A. J. Gama-Salgado, U. Guvenc, Y. Goksungur, and C. Tari. 2011. Aspartic proteinases from Mucor spp. in cheese manufacturing. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 89:949–960.
Published
2022-06-29
How to Cite
Manab, A., Sawitri, M., Awwaly, K., Andriani, R., & Putri, G. (2022). PROTEASE KELOR (Moringa Oleifera) SEBAGAI KOAGULAN SUSU DALAM PEMBUATAN KEJU. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL TEKNOLOGI AGRIBISNIS PETERNAKAN (STAP), 9, 555-561. Retrieved from http://jnp.fapet.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/psv/article/view/1647
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