PREBIOTIK MANAN OLIGOSAKARIDA DARI AMPAS KELAPA   DAN PERANNYA DALAM NUTRISI AYAM PEDAGING - REVIEW

Jola Josephien Mariane Roosje Londok; Jacqueline Timbangsangiang Laihad; Youdhie Hanna Seriously Kowel

Jola Josephien Mariane Roosje Londok Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado
Jacqueline Timbangsangiang Laihad Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado
Youdhie Hanna Seriously Kowel Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado

Keywords: prebiotik, manan-oligosakarida, ampas kelapa, ayam pedaging

Abstract

Sejak penggunaan antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) dibatasi di industri perunggasan Indonesia melalui Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 14 tahun 2017 sejak Januari 2018, banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari pengganti imbuhan pakan yang bukan antibiotik. Pakan untuk ayam pedaging diformulasikan mengandung jumlah nutrien yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan, produksi dan efisiensi pakan. Untuk menjamin nutrien pakan dikonsumsi, dicerna, terlindungi dari kerusakan, diserap dan diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh, biasanya ditambahkan imbuhan pakan. Selain itu imbuhan pakan digunakan untuk mengubah metabolisme agar ayam pedaging tumbuh lebih baik dan sehat untuk membuat produk akhir yang diinginkan konsumen. Prebiotik adalah bahan pakan yang tidak dapat dicerna, tetapi memberikan pengaruh baik pada intestinal dan meningkatkan kesehatan ternak. Umumnya peningkatan kesehatan terjadi dapat meningkatkan populasi probiotik. Prebiotik adalah nutrien untuk probiotik sehingga bakteri baik dapat berkembang biak dengan maksimal. Salah satu prebiotik adalah manan oligosakarida (MOS). Salah satu sumber MOS adalah ampas kelapa. Ampas kelapa mengandung galaktomanan sebesar 61%, 26% manan, dan 16% selulosa. MOS adalah karbohidrat tidak tercerna. Komponen utama MOS adalah manosa. Manosa berperan sebagai penempelan bakteri yang baik. MOS menempel pada lektin mikroorganisme patogen sehingga mencegah bakteri menempel pada sel epitel usus. Penulisan review ini menggunakan literatur yang relevan dan dikaji menjadi satu tulisan. Manan oligosakarida dapat diekstrak dari ampas kelapa dan digunakan sebagai prebiotik untuk ayam pedaging. Prebiotik MOS dalam pakan berimplikasi pada nutrisi ayam pedaging memperbaiki penyerapan zat-zat makanan dalam usus dan pada gilirannya memberikan performa yang baik.

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