STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG BERBASIS SUMBER DAYA LOKAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEDAULATAN PANGAN DARI SUDUT PANDANG PAKAN DAN NUTRISI TERNAK
Keywords:
Sapi potong, produksi, nutrisi, energi metabolis
Abstract
Populasi dan produktifitas sapi potong di Indonesia harus ditingkatkan untuk mencapai swasembada daging sapi. Mayoritas (90%) usaha peternakan sapi potong berupa peternakan rakyat yang masih terkonsentrasi di pulau Jawa (42,92%) dan sisanya (57,08%) tersebar di luar pulau Jawa dengan pola pemelihraan yang masih tradisional. Pemberian pakan pada umumnya tergantung pada ketersediaan hijauan lokal, sisa hasil pertanian. Secara umum kebutuhan nutrisi untuk hidup pokok dan produksi sapi sering belum tercukupi. Akibatnya produktifitas (performan reproduksi dan produksi) sapi rendah. Hal ini tercermin dari rendahnya body condition score (BCS) sapi induk di bawah 3 (skala 1-5) yang berujung pada gangguan siklus birahi dan interval kelahiran pedet. Disamping itu pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) sapi pada umumnya di bawah 0,30 kg/hari. Kandungan protein dan energi pada pakan berbasis rumput dan sisa hasil pertanian tidak mencukupi kebutuhan ternak. Upaya peningkatan produktifitas sapi potong rakyat dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan pakan. Suplementasi bahan pakan lokal yang mengandung protein dan energi tinggi merupakan langkah efisien yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas sapi potong. Penambahan legum pohon dan herba dan suplemen sisa hasil industri pertanian dapat meningkatkan BCS, meningkatkan prosentase kelahiran, mengurangi persentase kematian pedet dan meningkatkan PBBH sapi potong yang pada giliriannya dapat meningkatkan produktifitas dan populasi sapi potong di Indonesia.
References
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Diwyanto, K dan A Priyanti. 2008. Keberhasilan Pemanfaatan Sapi Bali Berbasis Pakan Lokal Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Sapi Potong Di Indonesia. Wartazoa. 8 (1):34-45.
Cowley, FC, TM Syahniar, D Ratnawati, DE Mayberry, Marsetyo, D Pamungkas, DP Poppi. 2020. Greater Farmer Investment In Well-Formulated Diets Can Increase Liveweight Gain and Smallholder Gross Margins From Cattle Fattening. Livestock Science. 242:104297.
Dahlanuddin, B Henderson, K Dizyes, Hermansyah, A Ash. 2017. Assessing the Sustainable Development and Intensification Potential Of Beef Cattle Production In Sumbawa, Indonesia, Using A Systems Dynamic Approach. Plos One. 12 (8): E0183365.
Dahlanuddin, BT Yuliana, T Panjaitan, M Halliday and HM Shelton. 2013. Growth of Bali Bulls on Ration Containing Sesbania grandiflora in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Tropical Grassland – Forrajes Tropicales. 1: 63-65.
Dahlanuddin, O Yanuarianto, DP Poppi, SR McLennan and SP Quigley. 2014. Liveweight Gain and Feed Intake of Weaned Bali Cattle Fed Grass and Tree Legumes In West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 54 (7):915-921.
Grinnell, NA., A van der Linden, B Azhar, F Nobilly, and M Slingerland. 2022. Cattle-Oil Palm Integration – A Viable Strategy to Increase Malaysian Beef Self-Sufficiency and Palm Oil Sustainability. Livestock Science. 259: 104902.
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Henuk, YL, Hasnud, Yunilas, N Ginting, E Mirwandhono, Hasanuddin, J Ginting, D Bakti, Rosmayati, E Purba, H Hafid and MM Kapa. 2018. The integrated farming systems between cattle and oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Proceeding of the 17th ADRI International Conference.
Jelantik, I G. N., R. Copland and M. L. Mullik. 2008. Mortality Rate of Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus) Calves in West Timor, Indonesia. Animal Production in Australia Vol 27, pp. 48.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. 2020. Analisis Perkembangan Harga Bahan Pangan Pokok di Pasar Demestik dan Internasional. Pusat Pengkajian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan, Kementerian Perdagangan. Jakarta.
Marsetyo, Damry, SP Quigley, SR McLennan and DP Poppi. 2012. Liveweight Gain and Feed Intake of Weaned Bali Cattle Fed A Range of Diets In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 52:630-635.
Marsetyo, Damry, Tarsono, Y Duma, IW Sulendre. 2022. The Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Feed Digestibility, Liveweight Gain, Body Dimension and Condition Score of Donggala Bulls. Malaysian Applied Biology. in press.
Marsetyo, D Pamungkas and A Priyanti. 2006. Growth Performance of Young Bali Cattle Under Various Feeding Management. Proceedings of the 4th ISTAP” Animal Production and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropic. Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, November, 8-9, 2006. pp. 637-642. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Marsetyo, IW Sulendre, M Takdir, KJ Harper and DP Poppi. 2021. Formulating Diets Based on Whole Cassava Tuber (Manihot Esculenta) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia Sepium) Increased Feed Intake, Liveweight Gain and Income Over Feed Cost of Ongole and Bali Bulls Fed Low Quality Forage in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 61: 761-769.
Marsetyo and Y Rusiyantono. 2019. The effects of Energy and Protein Supplementation on Liveweight Change, Body Dimension and Condition Score of Donggala Bulls Fed Corn Stover. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387: 012005.
Mayberry, D, DK Hau, PR Dida, D Bria, J Praing, AD Mata, E Budisantoso, N Dalgliesh, SP Quigley, L Bell, J Nulik. 2021. Herbaceous Legumes Provide Several Options For Increasing Beef Cattle Productivity In Eastern Indonesia. Animal Production Scienc. 61: 698-707.
Marzuki, G Zemmelink and MNM Ibrahim. 2000. Cattle Production on Small Holder Farm in East Java, Indonesia: II, Feed and Feeding Practices. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13:226-235.
Munier, FF, M Dewi and Soeharsono. 2015. Body Weight Gain of Donggala Bull Given Supplement Feed on Basis of Cocoa Pod Husks Fermentation. Proc. 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada) 20-22 October 2015. pp. 213–217. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
NRC. 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th Revised Edition. Update 2000. Edition. National Academy Press: Washington, DC.
OECD/FAO. 2021. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030. OECD Publishing. Paris.
Oguis, GK, EK Gilding, MA Jackson, DJ Craik. 2019. Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea), A Cyclotide-Bearing Plant with Applications in Agriculture and Medicine. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 645.
Panjaitan, T, M Fauzan, Dahlanuddin, MJ Halliday, HM Shelton. 2014. Growth of Bali bulls fattened with Leucaena leucocephala in Sumbawa, Eastern Indonesia. Tropical Grasslands. 2, 116–118.
Poppi, DP, A Priyanti, Kusmartono, Marsetyo, Dahlanuddin, T Panjaitan, R Antari, KJ Harper and SP Quigley. 2021. Moving Into More Profitable Beef Production Systems. International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. 2021: 64-83.
Priyanti, A, IGAP Mahendri, F Cahyadi and RA Cramb. 2012. Income Over Feed Cost For Small to Medium Scale Beef Cattle Fattening Operations In East Java. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 37:195-201.
Quigley, SP, Dahlanuddin, Marsetyo, D Pamungkas, A Priyanti, T Saili, SR McLennan and DP Poppi, 2014. Metabolisable Energy Requirements for Maintenance and Gain of Liveweight of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus). Animal Production Science. 54 (9):1311-1316.
Rachmat, R, WW Stur and GJ Blair. 1992. Cattle Feeding Systems and Limitations to Feed Supply in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agricultural Systems. 39:409-419.
Ratnawati, D, DA Indrakusuma, L Affandhy, F Cowley, D Mayberry, and DP Poppi, 2016. Management Strategies to Improve Reproductive Performance of Brahman Cross Cattle (Bos indicus) in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 21 (4): 231-237.
Ratnawati, D, F Cowley, DE Mayberry, D Pamungkas, DP Poppi. 2015. Concentrate Supplementation for Crossbred Bulls to Increase Profitability of Smallholder Fattening Operations in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veterine. 20:41–47.
Retnaningrum, S, Kusmartono, Mashudi, KJ Harper, DP Poppi. 2020. Formulating Rations with Cassava Meal to Promote High Live Weight Gain in Crossbred Limousin Bulls. Animal. 100125:1-7.
Saili, T, 2020. Production and Reproduction Performances of Bali Cattle in Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia. IOP Conference. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 465 (2020) 012004:1-7.
Setiadi, D, Kusmartono, Kasmiyati, Mashudi, AZ Zakariya, KJ Harper and DP Poppi, DP. 2020. The Weight Gain and Growth of Crossbred Bulls Fed Locally Inspired Supplements Compared With Current Feeding Systems In Village Smallholdings In Malang, East Java. IOP Conference series: Earth and Environmental Science. 478:012037.
SPKH. 2021. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta.
Sukarini, IAM, D Sastradipradja, T Sutardi, IG Mahardika, IGA Budiarta. 2000. Nutrient Utilization, Body Composition and Lactation Performance of First Lactation Bali Cows (Bos sondaicus) on Grass-Legume Based Diets. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13:1681–1690.
Syahniar, TM, R Antari, D Pamungkas, Marsetyo, DE Mayberry, DP Poppi. 2012. The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 52:641–646.
Thahar, A and RJ Petheram. 1983. Ruminant Feeding System in West Java, Indonesia. Agricultural System. 10:87-97.
Toelihere, M, 2002. Increasing the success rate and adoption of artificial insemination for genetic improvement of Bali cattle. Workshop on Strategies to improve Bali Cattle in Eastern Indonesia. Udayana Eco Lodge Denpasar Bali 4–7 February 2002.
Winarti, E, Gunawan, AD Putridinanti, CT Noviandi, S. Andarwati, A Agus, KJ. Harper and DP Poppi, 2022. Utilizing Gliricidia sepium Leaf Meal as A Protein Substitute In Cassava Based Supplements To Increase Average Daily Gain of Ongole Bulls and Income of Small Holder Farmers. Animal Production Science. 62: 676-681.
Antari, R, TM Syahniar, DE Mayberry, D Pamungkas, Marsetyo, SP Quigley and DP Poppi. 2014. Crude Protein Requirements for Growth of Ongole (Bos indicus) and Bali (Bos javanicus) Bulls. Proceeding of Australian Society of Animal Production. 30:393.
Ball, PJH and AR Peters. 2004. Reproduction in Cattle. Third Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. United Kingdom.
Diwyanto, K dan A Priyanti. 2008. Keberhasilan Pemanfaatan Sapi Bali Berbasis Pakan Lokal Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Sapi Potong Di Indonesia. Wartazoa. 8 (1):34-45.
Cowley, FC, TM Syahniar, D Ratnawati, DE Mayberry, Marsetyo, D Pamungkas, DP Poppi. 2020. Greater Farmer Investment In Well-Formulated Diets Can Increase Liveweight Gain and Smallholder Gross Margins From Cattle Fattening. Livestock Science. 242:104297.
Dahlanuddin, B Henderson, K Dizyes, Hermansyah, A Ash. 2017. Assessing the Sustainable Development and Intensification Potential Of Beef Cattle Production In Sumbawa, Indonesia, Using A Systems Dynamic Approach. Plos One. 12 (8): E0183365.
Dahlanuddin, BT Yuliana, T Panjaitan, M Halliday and HM Shelton. 2013. Growth of Bali Bulls on Ration Containing Sesbania grandiflora in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Tropical Grassland – Forrajes Tropicales. 1: 63-65.
Dahlanuddin, O Yanuarianto, DP Poppi, SR McLennan and SP Quigley. 2014. Liveweight Gain and Feed Intake of Weaned Bali Cattle Fed Grass and Tree Legumes In West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 54 (7):915-921.
Grinnell, NA., A van der Linden, B Azhar, F Nobilly, and M Slingerland. 2022. Cattle-Oil Palm Integration – A Viable Strategy to Increase Malaysian Beef Self-Sufficiency and Palm Oil Sustainability. Livestock Science. 259: 104902.
Haryanto, B, and D Pamungkas. 2010. Growth performance of Ongole grade (Peranakan Ongole) cattle in Indonesia. The 5th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, Community Empowerment and Tropical Animal Husbandry, University of Gadjah Mada pp 446-451. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.QQ
Henuk, YL, Hasnud, Yunilas, N Ginting, E Mirwandhono, Hasanuddin, J Ginting, D Bakti, Rosmayati, E Purba, H Hafid and MM Kapa. 2018. The integrated farming systems between cattle and oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Proceeding of the 17th ADRI International Conference.
Jelantik, I G. N., R. Copland and M. L. Mullik. 2008. Mortality Rate of Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus) Calves in West Timor, Indonesia. Animal Production in Australia Vol 27, pp. 48.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. 2020. Analisis Perkembangan Harga Bahan Pangan Pokok di Pasar Demestik dan Internasional. Pusat Pengkajian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan, Kementerian Perdagangan. Jakarta.
Marsetyo, Damry, SP Quigley, SR McLennan and DP Poppi. 2012. Liveweight Gain and Feed Intake of Weaned Bali Cattle Fed A Range of Diets In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 52:630-635.
Marsetyo, Damry, Tarsono, Y Duma, IW Sulendre. 2022. The Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Feed Digestibility, Liveweight Gain, Body Dimension and Condition Score of Donggala Bulls. Malaysian Applied Biology. in press.
Marsetyo, D Pamungkas and A Priyanti. 2006. Growth Performance of Young Bali Cattle Under Various Feeding Management. Proceedings of the 4th ISTAP” Animal Production and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropic. Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, November, 8-9, 2006. pp. 637-642. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Marsetyo, IW Sulendre, M Takdir, KJ Harper and DP Poppi. 2021. Formulating Diets Based on Whole Cassava Tuber (Manihot Esculenta) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia Sepium) Increased Feed Intake, Liveweight Gain and Income Over Feed Cost of Ongole and Bali Bulls Fed Low Quality Forage in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 61: 761-769.
Marsetyo and Y Rusiyantono. 2019. The effects of Energy and Protein Supplementation on Liveweight Change, Body Dimension and Condition Score of Donggala Bulls Fed Corn Stover. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387: 012005.
Mayberry, D, DK Hau, PR Dida, D Bria, J Praing, AD Mata, E Budisantoso, N Dalgliesh, SP Quigley, L Bell, J Nulik. 2021. Herbaceous Legumes Provide Several Options For Increasing Beef Cattle Productivity In Eastern Indonesia. Animal Production Scienc. 61: 698-707.
Marzuki, G Zemmelink and MNM Ibrahim. 2000. Cattle Production on Small Holder Farm in East Java, Indonesia: II, Feed and Feeding Practices. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13:226-235.
Munier, FF, M Dewi and Soeharsono. 2015. Body Weight Gain of Donggala Bull Given Supplement Feed on Basis of Cocoa Pod Husks Fermentation. Proc. 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada) 20-22 October 2015. pp. 213–217. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
NRC. 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th Revised Edition. Update 2000. Edition. National Academy Press: Washington, DC.
OECD/FAO. 2021. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030. OECD Publishing. Paris.
Oguis, GK, EK Gilding, MA Jackson, DJ Craik. 2019. Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea), A Cyclotide-Bearing Plant with Applications in Agriculture and Medicine. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 645.
Panjaitan, T, M Fauzan, Dahlanuddin, MJ Halliday, HM Shelton. 2014. Growth of Bali bulls fattened with Leucaena leucocephala in Sumbawa, Eastern Indonesia. Tropical Grasslands. 2, 116–118.
Poppi, DP, A Priyanti, Kusmartono, Marsetyo, Dahlanuddin, T Panjaitan, R Antari, KJ Harper and SP Quigley. 2021. Moving Into More Profitable Beef Production Systems. International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. 2021: 64-83.
Priyanti, A, IGAP Mahendri, F Cahyadi and RA Cramb. 2012. Income Over Feed Cost For Small to Medium Scale Beef Cattle Fattening Operations In East Java. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 37:195-201.
Quigley, SP, Dahlanuddin, Marsetyo, D Pamungkas, A Priyanti, T Saili, SR McLennan and DP Poppi, 2014. Metabolisable Energy Requirements for Maintenance and Gain of Liveweight of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus). Animal Production Science. 54 (9):1311-1316.
Rachmat, R, WW Stur and GJ Blair. 1992. Cattle Feeding Systems and Limitations to Feed Supply in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agricultural Systems. 39:409-419.
Ratnawati, D, DA Indrakusuma, L Affandhy, F Cowley, D Mayberry, and DP Poppi, 2016. Management Strategies to Improve Reproductive Performance of Brahman Cross Cattle (Bos indicus) in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 21 (4): 231-237.
Ratnawati, D, F Cowley, DE Mayberry, D Pamungkas, DP Poppi. 2015. Concentrate Supplementation for Crossbred Bulls to Increase Profitability of Smallholder Fattening Operations in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veterine. 20:41–47.
Retnaningrum, S, Kusmartono, Mashudi, KJ Harper, DP Poppi. 2020. Formulating Rations with Cassava Meal to Promote High Live Weight Gain in Crossbred Limousin Bulls. Animal. 100125:1-7.
Saili, T, 2020. Production and Reproduction Performances of Bali Cattle in Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia. IOP Conference. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 465 (2020) 012004:1-7.
Setiadi, D, Kusmartono, Kasmiyati, Mashudi, AZ Zakariya, KJ Harper and DP Poppi, DP. 2020. The Weight Gain and Growth of Crossbred Bulls Fed Locally Inspired Supplements Compared With Current Feeding Systems In Village Smallholdings In Malang, East Java. IOP Conference series: Earth and Environmental Science. 478:012037.
SPKH. 2021. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta.
Sukarini, IAM, D Sastradipradja, T Sutardi, IG Mahardika, IGA Budiarta. 2000. Nutrient Utilization, Body Composition and Lactation Performance of First Lactation Bali Cows (Bos sondaicus) on Grass-Legume Based Diets. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13:1681–1690.
Syahniar, TM, R Antari, D Pamungkas, Marsetyo, DE Mayberry, DP Poppi. 2012. The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia. Animal Production Science. 52:641–646.
Thahar, A and RJ Petheram. 1983. Ruminant Feeding System in West Java, Indonesia. Agricultural System. 10:87-97.
Toelihere, M, 2002. Increasing the success rate and adoption of artificial insemination for genetic improvement of Bali cattle. Workshop on Strategies to improve Bali Cattle in Eastern Indonesia. Udayana Eco Lodge Denpasar Bali 4–7 February 2002.
Winarti, E, Gunawan, AD Putridinanti, CT Noviandi, S. Andarwati, A Agus, KJ. Harper and DP Poppi, 2022. Utilizing Gliricidia sepium Leaf Meal as A Protein Substitute In Cassava Based Supplements To Increase Average Daily Gain of Ongole Bulls and Income of Small Holder Farmers. Animal Production Science. 62: 676-681.
Published
2022-06-29
How to Cite
Marsetyo, M., & Sulendre, I. (2022). STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG BERBASIS SUMBER DAYA LOKAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEDAULATAN PANGAN DARI SUDUT PANDANG PAKAN DAN NUTRISI TERNAK. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL TEKNOLOGI AGRIBISNIS PETERNAKAN (STAP), 9, 1-12. Retrieved from http://jnp.fapet.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/psv/article/view/1561
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