The Use of Acidifier as Food Additive in Feed Containing Probiotic Towards N-NH3 And Water Content of Broiler Chicken Feces

Aulia Rizaldi Hafiz Hakim; Efka Aris Rimbawanto; Bambang Hartoyo

doi:10.20884/1.angon.2020.2.2.p98-105

Aulia Rizaldi Hafiz Hakim Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto
Efka Aris Rimbawanto Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto
Bambang Hartoyo Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.angon.2020.2.2.p98-105

Keywords: Probiotic, Acidifier, Water content, N-NH3 content, Feces

Abstract

Background. This study aimed to determine the most effective acidifier to be combined with a probiotic-supplemented diet on lowering the level of N-NH₃and water content in broiler chicken feces. Materials and methods. This study was conducted from September 27 to October 31, 2019. The maintenance of chickens was conducted in experimental farm, while N-NH₃and water content analysis was performed in the Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Experiment was conducted in-vivo with 4 treatments (R₀ = basal feed; R₁= basal feed + lactic acid; R₂= basal feed + citric acid; R₃= basal feed + formic acid) and 5 repetitions. Each type of acidifier was mixed in drinking water at a concentration of 1% of chicken body weight. The significant results were further analyzed using HSD (honestly significant difference) test. Results. Results of this study showed the average levels of N-NH₃ranged from 0.252 ppm – 0.266 ppm and water ranged from 43.93% – 47.83% were contained in chicken feces. However, statistical analysis showed that the results were not significantly different compared to the control group. It can be concluded that three types of acidifier (citric acid, lactic acid, and formic acid) are able to increase the growth of probiotics and decrease the pathogenic bacteria in digestive track of broiler chicken. Conclusion. That condition is caused by low deamination that can be indicated by low levels of N-NH₃ and water content of feces.

References

Adisti, R., D. Setiawan., Zakiatulyaqin, dan M. Purnomosidi. 2018. Penambahan air jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa) pada air minum terhadap kadar lemak daging broiler. Agripet. 18 (1) : 18-23.
Akhadiarto, S. 2014. Pengaruh penambahan probiotik dalam ransum lokal terhadap performans ayam broiler. JSTI. 16 (1) : 16-22.
Astuti. 2015. Pemanfaatan probiotik bakteri asam laktat dari saluran pencernaan ikan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar kolesterol daging ayam broiler. Jurnal Penelitian Saintek. 20 (2) : 157-165.
Bijanti,R., R. S. Wahjuni, dan M. G. A. Yuliani. 2015. Pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap performa ayam petelur. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 15 (3): 214-219.
Conway, EJ. 1962. Microdiffusion analysis and volumetric errors. 5th Edition. Crosby, Lockwood and Son. London
Fathul, F ., S. Tantalo,. Liman dan N. Purwaningsih. 2013. Pengetahuan pakan dan formulasi ransum. Buku Ajar. Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.
Harjanti, W.S., Y. H, Darundiati., dan N. A. Y. Dewanti. 2016. Analisis risiko kesehatan pajanan gas amonia (NH3) pada pemulung di TPA jatibarang , Semarang. Jurnal kesehatan masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro. 4 (3) : 921-930.
Hasanuddin,S., V.D. Yunianto, dan Tristiarti. 2013. Lemak dan kolesterol daging pada ayam broiler yang diberi pakan step down protein dengan penambahan air perasan jeruk nipis sebagai Acidifier. Buletin Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak. 9 (1).
Hendalia, E., F. Manin., Yusrizal., dan G.M. Nasution. 2012. Aplikasi probiotik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan protein dan menurunkan emisi amonia pada ayam broiler. Jurnal Agrinak. 2 (1) : 29-35.
Hidayat, K., S. Wibowo, L. A. Sari, A. Darmawan. 2018. Acidifier alami air perasaan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantiun) sebagai pengganti antibiotik growth promotor ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16 (2) : 27-33.
Hyden. M. 2000. “Protected” acid additives. Feed International . July. 2000.
Ibrahim,S. dan Allaily. 2012. Pengaruh berbagai bahan litter terhadap konsentrasi ammonia udara ambient kandang dan performan ayam broiler. Agripet. 12 (1) : 47 - 52.
Lesson, S. and J. D. Summer. 2000. Comercial Poultry Nutrition. 2nd Ed. University Book. University Guelph. Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Manin. F, Ella H., Yatno dan P. Rahayu. 2012. Dampak pemberian probiotik probio_FM terhadap kinerja itik Kerinci jantan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan “Peningkatan Produktivitas Sumber Daya Peternakan, Bandung, 12 November 2013. Hal. 235-239.
Manin, F. 2010. Potensi lactobacillus acidophilus dan lactobacillus fermentum dari saluran pencernaan ayam buras asal lahan gambut sebagai sumber probiotik. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 13 (5) : 221-228..
Papatsiros, V.G., dan C. Billisnis., 2012. The prophylactic use of acidifiers as antibacterial agents in swine. Antimicrobial Agents. : 295-310.
Pauzenga. 1991. Animal Production in the 90’s in harmony with Nature, a Case Study in Nederlands. Nicholasville.Kentucky.
Rakhamansyah, A., W. Sarengat, dan T. A. Sarjana. 2019. Pengaruh penambahan air perasan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantiifiolia) dalam air minum terhadap tampilan karkas ayam broiler. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia. 14 (3) : 292 – 297.
Ritz, C. W, B. D. Fairchild. and M. P. Lacy.2004. Implications of ammonias production and emissions from commercial poultry facilities: A Review. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13 : 684- 692.
Riza,H., dan Wizna. 2015. Peran probiotik dalam menurunkan amonia feses unggas Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia. 17 (1) : 19-26.
Riza,H., Wizna., Y. Rizal., dan Yusrizal. 2018. Pengaruh level energi dan protein dengan bakteri Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sebagai probiotik untuk mengurangi pencemaran amonia pada kandang ayam broiler. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia. Vol. 20 (2): 99-107.
Saputra, W.Y., L.D. Mahfudz, dan N. Suthama. 2013. Pemberiaan pakan single step down dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai Acidifier terhadap performa pertumbuhan broiler. Animal Agriculture Journal. 2 (3) : 61-72.
Steel, R.G.D. dan J.H. Torrie. 1994. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika, Suatu Pendekatan Geometrik. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Ulupi, N. I.R.H. Soesanto, dan S.K. Inayah. 2015. Performa ayam broiler dengan pemberian serbuk pinang sebagai feed aditive. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan. 3 (1) : 8-11.
Umam, M.K., H. S. Prayogi dan V.M. A. Nurgiartiningsih. 2015. Penampilan produksi ayam pedaging yang dipelihara pada sistem lantai kandang panggung dan kandang bertingkat. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 24 (3): 79 – 87.
Widodo, E., M. H. Natsir dan O. Sjofjan. 2018. Aditif pakan unggas pengganti antibiotik. UB Press. Malang.
Yusrizal, F. Manin., Yatno., dan Noverdiman. 2012. The use of probiotic and prebiotic (symbiotic) derived from palm kernel cake in reducing ammonia emission in the broiler house.Proc. The 1st Poult Int.Sem 2012. P : 3334343. ISBN 798-602-969334-6-1.